Nanomaterials for Sustainable Soil Remediation and Contaminant Immobilization
Pranav Raj
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, India.
Arijit Ghosh *
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India.
Ravi
Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
Sagar K Jadav
Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Waghai Navsari Agricultural University, Dang, India.
Hrusikesh Patra
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, West Bengal, India.
Shehnaz
Department of Soil Science, PAU, Ludhiana, India.
Narinder Panotra
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Biotechnology SKUAST, Jammu, India.
Vishal Sharma
KVK Kathua, SKUAST, Jammu, India.
Rohit Sharma
RARS Rajouri, SKUAST, Jammu, India.
Shivam Kumar Pandey
RARS Rajouri, SKUAST, Jammu, India.
Bal Veer Singh
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Soil contamination poses a significant threat to the environment and human health, necessitating effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Nanomaterials have emerged as promising agents for soil remediation due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, reactivity, and adsorption capacity. This review explores the application of various nanomaterials, including iron-based nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxide nanoparticles, in the remediation of contaminated soils. The mechanisms of contaminant immobilization, such as adsorption, reduction, and degradation, are discussed in detail. The article also highlights the potential environmental risks associated with the use of nanomaterials and the need for responsible application and monitoring. Furthermore, the review examines the integration of nanomaterials with other remediation techniques, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the remediation process. The challenges and future perspectives in the field of nanomaterial-based soil remediation are also addressed. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the application of nanomaterials for sustainable soil remediation and contaminant immobilization, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their performance and minimize potential risks.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, soil remediation, contaminant immobilization, sustainable remediation, environmental nanotechnology